found in the regions just below the ice caps of the Arctic, extending across North America, to Europe, and Siberia in Asia. Much of Alaska and about half of Canada are in the tundra biome. Tundra can also be found at the tops of very high mountains around the world

Extremely cold climate, low biodiversity, simple vegetation structure, short season of growth and reproduction

Tundra is the coldest of all biomes. The tundra has a layer of permanently frozen ground below the surface called permafrost.

Due to warming temperatures, permafrost and snow found in the tundra is melting, increasing sea levels and causing the ecosystem to collapse. As the snow melts and the temperature rises, many animals are losing their homes and are starving in the tundra. Animals thus compete with other animals for food and territory, causing an imbalance in the ecosystem.

There are more than 40 Indigenous Peoples communities in the Arctic. Some include the indigenous people of Alaska such as the Aleut, Alutiiq, Inupiat, Central Yup'ik and Siberian Yupik

Native Conservancy

The taiga lies between the tundra to the north and temperate forests to the south. Found in Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Siberia.

Thick forests made of evergreen, or coniferous trees. has the coldest weather of the forest biomes, dry climate as precipitation is only slightly more than the desert or the tundra.

Can also be called boreal forests or snow forests, populated by dense evergreen trees. The taiga is the world's largest land biome, covering about 11% of landmass on Earth.

Direct threats include logging as it removes trees that are a key component of the ecosystem. Indirect threats are mining, HEP and oil and gas extraction as they damage the ecosystem due to flooding, pollution and oil spills. The warming climate also contributes to a partial thawing of the permafrost. Since this water has no place to drain, more area of the taiga is taken over by muskegs and fewer trees can take root.

The Cree First Nation of Waswanipi in the Broadback River watershed are leaders in taiga forest protection. In 2015, they succeeded in protecting almost 2.3 million acres of forest north of the Broadback River. In Canada, there is also the The Atikamekw First Nation in Quebec and the Moose Cree First Nation.

Keystone Species Alliance

Hot and dry deserts are found in North America, Central America, South America, southern Asia, Africa, and Australia

little rainfall (less than 50 centimeters per year), temperatures vary greatly between day and night, high evaporation rates, coarse-textured soils, drought-resistant vegetation

The desert biome is an ecosystem that forms due to the low level of rainfall it receives each year, covering about 20% of the Earth.

The rising temperatures from climate change are most felt in the world's deserts, making it one of the most vulnerable places on Earth. Their fragile crust is home to millions of microbes without which other desert life could not survive. If this biocrust dies, deserts will spread and engulf productive agricultural land. Protecting this biocrust stops desertification from spreading.

Include the Berbers of North Africa, the Bedouins of the Arabic deserts, the Bejas in Namibia, the Sans in the Kalahari desert and the Australian Aborigines to name a few.

Earth Care: For Our Relatives

found in Central and South America, western and central Africa, western India, Southeast Asia, the island of New Guinea, and Australia

very high annual rainfall, high average temperatures, nutrient-poor soil, and high levels of biodiversity

This ecosystem is the most biologically diverse biome on planet earth and there is one consistent season year-round. Covers 7% of the Earth’s surface.

Rainforests are a powerful natural climate solution as they regulate global temperatures. However, tropical forests now emit more carbon than they absorb, due to deforestation and forest loss caused by human activity and development. A swath of rainforest the size of 40 football fields disappears each minute. Restoring them and their ability to sequester carbon is one of crucial steps in reversing climate change.

1 out of 4 people worldwide depend on forests for their livelihoods. Over 1000 indigenous rainforest communities still exist, and of the world's 300 million indigenous people, 50 million live in or depend on tropical rainforests such as the the Sateré-Mawé of Brazil, the Kuku-Yalanji of North East Queensland, Australia, and the Penan of Sarawak, Malaysia to name a few.

Articulation of the Indigenous Peoples of Brazil – APIB (Animga)

Found in eastern North America, northeastern Asia, and central and western Europe. In North America, the Eastern Deciduous Forest stretches from Florida to Maine along the east coast and as far west as Texas and Minnesota

High levels of precipitation, humidity, and a variety of deciduous trees with four distinct seasons: fall, winter, spring, summer

The Adirondacks is the largest temperate forest in the world.

A warming climate contributes to the frequency and intensity of forest disturbances such as pest outbreaks, invasive species, wildfires, drought and storms. That combined with overdevelopment, air pollution and deforestation from agricultural use leads to the destruction of temperate forests and the loss of biodiversity in our overall ecosystems.

On the East Coast in North America, there are the Iroquois, Micmac, Abenaki, Mahican and many others. While on the West Coast, there are groups like the Tsimshian, Haida, Salish, Tututni and many more that all look after the health of the temperate forest biome.

Grounded

Temperate grasslands are found in the Eurasian steppes, North American prairies, and Argentine pampas. While tropical grasslands are found in the hot savannas of sub-Saharan Africa and northern Australia. Grasslands are found on every continent, except Antarctica

Limited annual rainfall, dry climate throughout the year, Lack of nutrients in the soil, prone to drought and uncertain precipitation, poor vegetation growth dominated by grasses

Grasslands are maintained by grazing animals and frequent fires and are often found between forests and desert biomes.

Climate change increases the frequency and severity of droughts in grasslands. Contributing to loss of wetland habitats and greater risk of severe wildfires. Farming, overgrazing, invasive species, and illegal hunting are also great threats that are exacerbated by the warming climate.

Stewarding America’s prairies are the Indigenous communities that include Fort Belknap Indian Community in the west, Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes in the east, and the Chippewa Cree Rocky Boy Tribes located in the northwest.

NDN Collective

Found in a little bit of most of the continents - the west coast of the United States, the west coast of South America, the Cape Town area of South Africa, the western tip of Australia and the coastal areas of the Mediterranean

Exists with a combination of dry soil, warm weather, and short, hardy shrubs. Dominated by short woody plants, rather than grasses.

The chaparral biome is a part of each continent and consists of various types of terrain including mountains and plains, receiving more rainfall than the desert biome. Chaparral is a coastal biome with hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters—from California to the entire Mediterranean. This makes the chaparral most vulnerable to fire in the late summer and fall.

Climate change has increased both the frequency and the intensity of chaparral wildfires. Resulting in decreased vegetation (biomass), loss of habitats for animals, loss of plant and animal diversity, invasion of non-native grasses and plants and decreased ability of the ecosystem to sequester carbon dioxide.

Some of the indigenous communities that live in and protect the Chaparral ecosystem include the Kumeyaay people native to the region that includes San Diego, California, and Baja California, Mexico. The Tongva people are native to the Los Angeles Basin and Southern Channel Islands in California. While the Yuman people are native to the deserts of Arizona, California, and Mexico. They have lived in the region for thousands of years and have a deep understanding of the Chaparral ecosystem.

The Solutions Project

The marine biome is the biggest biome in the world, covering 71% of the earth. It includes five main oceans: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern, as well as many smaller Gulfs and Bays.

More saltwater than freshwater, also rich in chlorine, magnesium, and calcium

Salt! Every kilogram of ocean water has approximately 35 mg of salt in it and makes it denser than freshwater and more resistant to freezing. It is believed that the ocean biome is the oldest of all biomes.

Rising temperatures increase the risk of irreversible loss of marine and coastal ecosystems. Widespread changes have been observed, including damage to coral reefs and mangroves that support ocean life, and migration of species to higher latitudes and altitudes where the water could be cooler— impacting local communities and their food sources and livelihoods.

Of more than 7 billion people worldwide, 3 billion depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods, and 200 million are directly or indirectly employed by the fishing sector. Many of them are Indigenous small-scale fishers who depend on a range of marine resources as their primary protein source.

Oceanic Global